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Hypertension
Hypertension or high blood pressure is a disease that happens when the force the blood is pushing against the walls of the blood vessels is too high.
Normal blood pressure is a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure less than 80 mm Hg.
Hypertension occurs when systolic blood pressure exceeds 130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure exceeds 80 mm Hg on at least two occasions (1).
An estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 79–30 years worldwide have hypertension. An estimated 46% of adults with hypertension are unaware that they have the condition (2).
Symptoms
Most people with hypertension don’t feel any symptoms.
Very high blood pressures can cause headaches, blurred vision, chest pain, and other symptoms.
Checking your blood pressure is the best way to know if you have high blood pressure.
If hypertension isn’t treated, it can cause other health conditions like kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke.
Risk factors
Modifiable risk factors include unhealthy diets (excessive salt consumption, a diet high in saturated fat and trans fats, low intake of fruits and vegetables), physical inactivity, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, and being overweight or obese.
In addition, there are environmental risk factors for hypertension and associated diseases, where air pollution is the most significant.
Non-modifiable risk factors include a family history of hypertension, age over 65 years, and co-existing diseases such as diabetes or kidney disease.
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